The main stupa in the middle of the biggest teletak once crowned this building, surrounded by three rows of circular holes 72 stupas in which there are statues of buddha sitting cross-legged in the lotus position perfectly with the mudra (hand gesture) Dharmachakra mudra (turning the wheel of dharma).This monument is a model of the universe and built as a shrine to venerate the Buddha as well as serves as a place of pilgrimage to lead mankind to switch from natural lust to enlightenment and wisdom according to the teachings of Buddha.The pilgrims enter through the east side begin the ritual at the temple grounds with walking encircling this sacred building in a clockwise direction, while continuing to go up to the next steps through the three levels of the realm in Buddhist cosmology. The third level is K? Madh? Tu (the realm of lust), Rupadhatu (tangible realm), and Arupadhatu (intangible realm). In this journey of pilgrims walking through a series of hallways and stairs to see no less than 1460 beautiful relief panels are engraved on the walls and balustrades.According to historical evidence, Borobudur was abandoned in the 14th century as the weakening influence of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms in Java and started the influence of Islam. The world began to realize the existence of this building since it was discovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who was then serving as Governor-General of British control over Java. Since then it has undergone a series of Borobudur rescue and restoration efforts. Largest restoration project was held in the period 1975 to 1982 the efforts of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and UNESCO, and historic sites in the list of World Heritage Sites.Borobudur is still used as a place of religious pilgrimage; each year Buddhists who come from all over Indonesia and abroad gather at Borobudur to commemorate Vesak Trisuci. In the world of tourism, tourism Borobudur is Indonesia's single most visited tourist.ReliefOn the wall of the temple at every level - except on the terraces Arupadhatu - carved panels of bas-reliefs that will always remind the history of Borobudur temple which is made very carefully and delicate. [54] Relief and decorative patterns Borobudur naturalist style with ideal proportions and refined aesthetic taste. These reliefs are very beautiful, even considered as the most elegant and graceful Buddha in the arts world.Relief Borobudur also Indian art discipline, such as the attitudes of the body has a specific meaning or aesthetic value. Reliefs noble human form as hermits, kings and noble women, fairy creatures attain degrees atapun holiness like gods, like tara and Bodhisattva, often depicted with the body position tribhanga. The position of the body is called a "three curve" that is curved or bent slightly at the neck, hips, and ankles with just your body weight resting on one leg while the other leg is curved rest. This graceful posture implies elegance, such as a standing figure with angel Surasundari tribhanga posture holding a long-stemmed lotus.Borobudur reliefs showing many images, such as human figures both nobles, commoners, or hermits, various plants and animals, as well as displays of traditional vernacular building forms the archipelago. Borobudur is like like books that record various aspects of ancient Javanese life. Many archaeologists researching past life in ancient Java and the archipelago century 8th and 9th with examining and referring relief carvings of Borobudur. Forms stilts, barns, castles and temples, the form of jewelery, clothing and weapons, various plants and wildlife, as well as a means of transportation, it was noted by the researchers. One of them is a relief depicting the famous Borobudur Ship. Typical timber ship bercadik archipelago shows ancient maritime culture. Ark replica made by reliefs of Borobudur stored in the Museum of Mercury Ocean located north of Borobudur.Buddha statueApart form buddha in Buddhist cosmology carved in the wall, there are many statues of Borobudur buddha sitting cross-legged in the lotus position and showing mudras or symbolic hand gesture given. Buddha statue with a height of 1.5 meters is carved from andesite material.Buddha statue in niches Rupadhatu level, set by the line on the outside of the balustrade. Dwindling on the side of it. Balustrade of the first row consists of 104 niches, the second 104 niches, niches third row 88, row 72 niches fourth and fifth rows 64 niches. Total there are 432 statues of Buddha at the Rupadhatu.At the Arupadhatu (three circular courtyard), statues of Buddha placed in stupas berterawang (perforated). At first there were 32 yard circular stupa, stupa court both 24, and a third court are 16 stupas, all total 72 stupas.Of the original number as many as 504 Buddha statues, over 300 have been damaged (mostly headless) and 43 missing (since the monument's discovery, heads of Buddha is often stolen as collector's item, mostly by foreign museums).On the face of all these buddha statues look similar, but there are subtle differences among them, namely the mudra or hand gesture position. There are five classes of mudra: North, East, South, West, and Central, all based on five main directions of the compass according to Mahayana teachings. Fourth balustrade has four mudras: North, East, South, and West, where each buddha statue facing the direction it exhibits typical mudra. Buddha statues at the fifth balustrades and statues of Buddha in the 72 stupas on the upper court berterawang showing mudras: Middle or Central. Each mudra symbolizes the five Dhyani Buddhas, each with its own symbolic meaning.RehabilitationBorobudur greatly affected the eruption of Mount Merapi in October adan November 2010. Volcanic dust from Merapi covered within the temple complex 28 kilometers (17 miles) west-southwest of the crater of Merapi. Layers of volcanic ash reaches a thickness of 2.5 centimeters covering the building of the temple at the eruption of 3 to 5 November 2010, the dust is also deadly plants around, and
experts worry that the volcanic ash is acidic chemicals can damage the rock of this historic building. The temple complex was closed from 5 to 9 November 2010 to clean the dust luruhan.Observing rehabilitation Borobudur after Merapi eruption in 2010, UNESCO has donated U.S. $ 3 million dollars to fund rehabilitation efforts. Cleanse the temple of volcanic dust deposition will spend at least 6 months, followed by reforestation and tree planting in the neighborhood to stabilize the temperature, and finally revive the social and economic life of the local community.More than 55,000 blocks of stone temples be demolished to improve water management and drainage systems are clogged dough mixed with volcanic ash rain. Restoration ended November 2011, earlier than previously thought.Borobudur is a magnificent historic building. This proves that our ancestors have known the science of high technology that does not lose with technological developments today. Evidenced by the still-powerful Borobudur temple until now. As the nation who love this country, it is not an exaggeration when students are encouraged to learn the history of Borobudur temple.So this article is deliberately stacking, may be useful for you.
related artikle:
the western tip of Java island one of the world heritage, worthy we learn before traveling to get there
The World Heritage List according to official records UNESCO/2013
cracked: wikipedia
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